Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. While genetic factors play a role in cardiovascular health, many of the risks are directly tied to lifestyle choices. Dr Sudipta Mohanty, a distinguished cardiologist, provides expert advice on the key heart health risks and how they can be managed or prevented. By understanding these risks and taking proactive steps, individuals can significantly reduce the chances of developing heart disease.
1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
One of the most common and dangerous heart health risks is high blood pressure, or hypertension. Dr. Mohanty explains that this condition is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it typically shows no symptoms until it causes significant damage to the heart and blood vessels. Chronic hypertension can lead to heart failure, stroke, and kidney damage. The solution? Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential. Maintaining a healthy diet low in sodium, exercising regularly, and managing stress are key factors in controlling blood pressure. In some cases, medication prescribed by a healthcare provider is necessary to manage hypertension effectively.
2. High Cholesterol
Elevated cholesterol levels, particularly high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This narrows the blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Dr. Mohanty emphasizes the importance of managing cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes such as eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity, weight management, and medications (if necessary) can help lower cholesterol levels. Dr. Mohanty advises individuals to get regular cholesterol screenings to detect problems early and take preventive measures before they lead to more serious issues.
3. Obesity
Obesity is another major risk factor for heart disease. Dr Sudipta Mohanty notes that excess weight, particularly abdominal fat, can lead to high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol—all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease. The solution to combating obesity and protecting heart health lies in adopting a balanced diet, reducing calorie intake, and incorporating regular physical activity into daily life. Even a modest weight loss can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease by improving blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall metabolic health.
4. Smoking
Dr. Mohanty stresses that smoking is one of the most harmful habits for heart health. Smoking damages blood vessels, raises blood pressure, and decreases oxygen levels in the blood, all of which put extra strain on the heart. Over time, smoking accelerates the development of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries), which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Quitting smoking is the most important step one can take to protect heart health. Dr. Mohanty recommends seeking professional support to quit smoking, as the benefits are immediate and long-lasting.
5. Physical Inactivity
A sedentary lifestyle is another significant risk factor for heart disease. Dr. Mohanty advises that physical activity is essential for a healthy heart, as it strengthens the heart muscle, improves circulation, and helps control blood pressure. Regular exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, can also help manage weight and reduce stress. Dr. Mohanty recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities. Exercise not only helps prevent heart disease but also improves overall health and well-being.
6. Chronic Stress
Chronic stress can negatively impact heart health by raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of unhealthy habits, such as overeating, smoking, or drinking alcohol. Dr. Mohanty explains that long-term stress can lead to increased levels of cortisol, a hormone that promotes inflammation and raises blood pressure, both of which increase the risk of heart disease. To combat stress, Dr. Mohanty recommends practicing relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises. Regular physical activity can also help alleviate stress and improve heart health.
7. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
While moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefits, excessive drinking can raise blood pressure, cause irregular heart rhythms, and lead to obesity, which in turn increases the risk of heart disease. Dr Sudipta Mohanty advises limiting alcohol intake to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Cutting back on alcohol helps maintain a healthy weight, supports good cholesterol levels, and reduces the strain on the heart.